The languages of South America can be divided into three broad groups: the languages of the (in most cases, former) colonial powers; many indigenous languages, some of which enjoy co-official status alongside the colonial languages; and various pockets of other languages spoken by immigrant populations that have survived assimilation by the majority Languages.
The languages imposed by the process of European colonization of the Americas are mainly Indo-European. Portuguese and Spanish are the most spoken languages in South America (with around 192 million speakers each). Dutch is the official language of Suriname; English is the official language of Guyana, although there are at least 12 other languages spoken in the country, including Hindi, Arabic, and various indigenous languages. English is also spoken in the Falkland Islands. French is the official language of the French overseas department of French Guiana.
Indigenous languages of South America include, among several others, Quechua languages in Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador; Guaraní in Paraguay and, to a much lesser extent, in Bolivia; Aymara in Bolivia, Peru, and less often in Chile; and Mapudungun is spoken in certain pockets of southern Chile and, more rarely, Argentina.
In Bolivia, Quechua, Aymara, and Tupi Guarani are co-official alongside Spanish. In Paraguay, Guarani shares joint official status with Spanish. In Colombia, the languages of the country's ethnic groups are constitutionally recognized as official languages in their territories; more than 60 such aboriginal languages exist today. In Peru, Quechua, Aymara, and other indigenous languages are co-official in the areas where they are predominant.
In Brazil, there is around 180 indigenous languages confirmed. The mainly region that has more speakers is western and northern Brazil, where has more concentration of native people. Actually, indigenous population has been trying to keep their traditions of their homeland, with help of Funai, the responsible agency by protection to native people.
Other languages found in South America include Hindi and Javanese in Guyana and Suriname; Italian in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Venezuela and Colombia; and German in certain pockets in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Colombia and Paraguay. Welsh remains spoken and written in the historic towns of Trelew and Rawson in the Argentine Patagonia. There are small Croatian, Polish and Russian-speaking communities in Brazil, Chile, Peru and Argentina. There are also small clusters of Japanese-speakers in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Ecuador. Arabic speakers, often of Lebanese, Syrian or Palestinian descent, can be found in Arab communities in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay and less frequently in Chile. The Rapa Nui Language is a Polynesian origin found in Easter Island, Chile and Maori is also found in Easter Island.
In most of the continent's countries, the upper classes and well-educated people regularly study English, French, German or Italian. In those areas where tourism is a significant industry, English and some other European languages are often spoken.
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